Congenital vaccinia is a very rare event.
Despite large-scale vaccination campaigns in the past that undoubtedly resulted in inadvertent vaccination of
many pregnant women, fewer than 50 cases of congenital disease have been recorded in the literature.
The third trimester of pregnancy appears to be a critical time for the risk to the fetus of congenital vaccinia,
although there have been rare reports of vaccination earlier in pregnancy resulting, at birth, in evidence of
disease having been present.
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